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In exams, students are asked to put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. As all tenses will be mixed up, it becomes harder for the student to know which tense it should be. So, students should look for the signal word first and once they find one, they think of the form. Let's consider these two examples:
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- I (to go) ...... to New York last year. The signal word is "last" and it refers to Simple Past. So, the answer is "went".
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- By 7 O'clock, Smith (to finish).....painting the room. The signal word is "By..." and it refers to Future Perfect Simple. So, the answer is "will have finished".
Simple Present
- Form:
- he, she, it → verb + s / + es
- I, you, we, they → + verb
- to be → am / is / are
- not → doesn't + verb / don't + verb
- Use: daily routine, habits and repeated actions, and general truths.
- Signal words: every, on Mondays, usually, sometimes, often, rarely
Find the signal words for simple present.
- Which is a signal word for simple present? last week – on Mondays – next week
- Which is not a signal word for simple present? usually - everyday - in 2005
Put these verbs in simple present.
- He/ to go
- They / to play
- Mary/ to wash
- My children / be
- She/ not, to study
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- Maria sometimes (to read) ______ ______ Spanish novels.
- David (wash) ______ the family car on Sundays.
- The teacher (wear) ______ a suit and tie every meeting.
- My children (to be) ______ usually sick in Autumn.
- (Jackie, go) ______ to the gym every week?
Simple Past
- Form:
- regular verbs + ed / irregular (the list)
- to be → was/ were
- not → didn't + verb
- Use: actions happened at a specific time in the past.
- Signal words: last, yesterday, ago, in 2011, the other day
Find the signal words for simple past.
- Which is a signal word for simple past? the other day – tomorrow - rarely
- Which is not a signal word for simple past? ago - in 2005 - next week
Put these verbs in simple past.
- go
- see
- play
- not, come
- they/be
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- Mike's parents (arrive) ______ yesterday at 6 O'clock.
- My little brother (see) a nightmare last night.
- Alfred and Dave (to be) ______ in the swimming two hours ago.
- We (not, to like) ______ the party last weekend; it was too noisy.
- (Nancy, go) ______ shopping last night?
Present Continuous
- Form: am, is, or are + verb + ing
- Use: actions happening now, at the moment of speaking.
- Signal words: now, at the moment, still, Look! Listen!
Find the signal words for present continuous.
- Which is a signal word for present continuous? last - now - every night
- Which is not a signal word for present continuous? now - already - still
Put these verbs in present continuous.
- They / play
- Sara and Leila/dance
- I/ not, speak
- He/ to sing
- David / not, to write
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- Now, it (rain) ______ heavily outside.
- She (not, speak) French at the moment.
- Many people (still, fight) ______ against poverty in Africa.
- Mark's children (to play) video games at the moment.
- (Sandra, to do) ______ her homework now?
Past Continuous
- Form: was or were + verb + ing
- Use: For actions which were in progress in the past.
- Signal words: when, while + long action in the past
Find the signal words for past continuous.
- Which is a signal word for past continuous? while - by next week - tomorrow
- Which is not a signal word for past continuous? next week - when - while
Put these verbs in past continuous.
- She/ watch
- They/ to play
- It/ rain
- Many students/ to work
- He/ not, to drive
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- Barbara (to do) ______ her homework yesterday when I came in.
- When I (write) ______ the E-mail last time, Mary (to watch) ______ TV.
- I saw my teacher yesterday when I (wait) ______ for the bus.
- When Sandra (arrive) ______ home yesterday, her father (not, to cook) ______ lunch.
- (Your brother, to play) ______ the game when the computer crashed down?
Present Perfect
- Form: have or has + Past Participle
- Use: For actions which started in the past and continued up to the present.
- Signal words: just, already, yet, for, since, so far, recently
NB. We use Present Perfect Continuous (have/has+ been + verb +ing) to give more emphasis on the duration of the action. However, some verbs can't be used in the continuous form such as own, smell, need, belong, cost, agree, contain..., etc.
Find the signal words for present perfect.
- Which is a signal word for present perfect? still – usually – since
- Which is not a signal word for present perfect? since - before - for
Put these verbs in present perfect.
- They/ to do
- Jack / to publish
- He/ not, to have
- She/ to study
- Mike and Lina / to have
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- He (just, phone) Sabrina; she is in Chicago now.
- I (buy, recently) ______ a laptop to Louis.
- The maid (not, cook) ______ the dinner yet.
- She (drive) ______ this car for two hours.
- He (to be) ______ in prison since 2003.
- (you, ever, read) ______ Hemingway's novels?
Past Perfect
- Form: had + Past Participle
2 actions in the past
1st action → Past Perfect
2nd action → Simple Past - Use: For actions which happened before the other one in the past.
- Signal words: before, after, already, when, never as soon as, until
Find the signal words for past perfect.
- Which is a signal word for past perfect? last week - after - now
- Which is not a signal word for past perfect? at the moment - after- already
Find the past perfect to these verbs.
- come
- not, have
- see
- play
- cut
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- Before Randa (to take) ______ the test exam yesterday, she (memorize) ______ irregular verbs.
- After she (to do) her homework last night, she (go) ______ to bed.
- When I (arrive) ______ home yesterday, the film (already, start) ______ .
- Last time, I (feel) ______ stressed because I (never, take) ______ the IELTS Test before.
- Jonny (get) ______ the job after he (graduate) ______ from Oxford university.
Simple Future
- Form: will + verb
- Use: For actions which will occur in the future.
- Signal words: next, tomorrow, soon, later
Find the signal words for simple future.
- Which is a signal word for simple future? already - next week - in 2017
- Which is not a signal word for simple future? by tomorrow - tomorrow - soon
Find the simple future to the following verbs.
- to work
- to play
- to speak
- not, to come
- to enjoy
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- I (to travel) ______ around the world next summer holiday.
- The boss (not, to meet) ______ you tomorrow; he's busy.
- Alberto (marry) ______ Helen next month.
- The Smiths (not, to be) ______ in England next January.
- (James, attend) ______ the conference tomorrow?
Future Perfect
- Form: will have + Past Participle
- Use: For actions that will be finished before some point in the future, also to express certainty that an action was completed.
- Signal words: by, intime
Find the signal words for future perfect.
- Which is a signal word for future perfect? tomorrow - in two days' time - next week
- Which is not a signal word for future perfect? already – by ... – in three weeks' time
Put these verbs in future perfect.
- to go
- to play
- to do
- to visit
- to enjoy
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- By 9 O'clock, many students (finish) ______ doing their exercises.
- In two days' time, we (go) ______ .
- My brother (to return) ______ from the trip by 7 O'clock.
- By November, we (buy) ______ a new apartment in Paris.
- By the end of next year, we (study) ______ English for three years.
Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous & Future Perfect
Past Perfect Simple
- Form: 1st action → Past perfect = had + Past Participle
2nd action → Simple past = (ed/list) - Signal words: before, after, already, when, never, as soon as, ......
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- My friends (to eat) ______ everything before I (join) ______ them yesterday.
- After he (have) ______ a shower last night, we (go out) ______ with Laura.
- When I (arrive) ______ at the cinema, the film (already, start) ______ .
- Sara and Peter (know) each other for three years before they (get) married.
- She (to phone) ______ to New York yesterday.
- As soon as he (finish) ______ to Morocco. (Note: This sentence seems incomplete in the original text, but it is preserved as is.)
Past Perfect Continuous
- Form: Past perfect continuous = had been + verb + ing (here more emphasis is put on the duration of the action.)
- Signal words: before, after, when, because, all day, for.....
NB. Some verbs can't be used in the continuous form such as own, smell, need, belong, cost, agree, contain...etc.
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- The police (look for) ______ the thief for 10 days before they (catch) ______ him.
- She (to be) ______ tired because she (work) ______ all day.
- She (drive) ______ for a couple of hours before she (have) ______ the accident.
- He (to work) ______ on the project for three hours before the boss (come in) ______ .
- They (play) ______ for two hours when it (begin) ______ to rain.
- I (feel) ______ tired yesterday because I (to drive) ______ all night.
Future Perfect
- Form: Future Perfect = will have + Past Participle (here, the action will be completed at a point in the future)
- Signal words: by.../ in....s' time.....
Put the following verbs in the correct tense.
- By 8 O'clock tomorrow, she (to do) ______ the laundry.
- The Smiths (visit) ______ all Europe by next year.
- By this time tomorrow, we (finish) ______ the project.
- By 10 O'clock, the kids (fall) asleep.
- By next year, Maria (to receive) ______ her promotion.
- The maid (clean) ______ the entire house by dinner.
- Monica and Rosa (to begin) working by this time tomorrow morning.
- By Sunday, you (do) ______ all the homework.
- In three days' time, the school (receive) prizes.
- In five minutes' time, they (to leave) ______ the classroom.
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