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Une majorité des élèves se trouve en difficulté à rédiger un writing d'une manière efficace due au manque de vocabulaire ou aux problèmes de grammaire.
A ce titre, 9rayti.Com vous propose cet e-book "English Writing" pour vous aider à améliorer votre niveau et vos notes en writing.
Méthodologie English Writing
L'expression écrite en anglais est un exercice vous permet de vous exprimer, il doit aussi respecter un certain nombre de règles selon le type de rédaction qui vous est demandé. Il existe quelques astuces simples pour réussir votre expression écrite tout en suivant une bonne méthodologie.
- 1) Prenez le temps de bien lire le sujet afin d'identifier clairement le type de tâche que vous devez traiter; (que vous demande-t-on ? argumenter ? raconter ? décrire ? rédiger une lettre / un email / un dialogue...)
- 2) Repérer les mots-clés du sujet : Apprenez à encadrer les mots-clés car ils vous aideront à organiser vos idées.
- 3) Structurez vos idées au brouillon pour faire un plan. Rédigez l'introduction et la conclusion au brouillon. Ce dernier ne doit pas être rédigé puis recopié, cela vous ferait perdre beaucoup de temps. Le brouillon devrait être un guide de rédaction avec les idées principales ainsi que le vocabulaire et les mots de liaisons que vous allez utiliser.
- 4) Utiliser un lexique correct (mots et expression, verbes, mots de liaison...) et des structures grammaticales de la langue anglaise. N'essayez pas de traduire les expressions en français sinon vous allez rédiger des phrases aux structures grammaticales fausses.
- 5) Organiser vos idées de façon cohérente afin de rédiger. Egalement, évitez les phrases trop longues et complexes. Créez des paragraphes distincts en traitant une idée par paragraphe.
- 6) Prenez le temps de relire pour vérifier l'orthographe, la ponctuation, les erreurs de copie...
- 7) Notez votre nombre de mots à la fin de votre devoir.
Mots et expressions utiles en anglais
Cette partie comporte des mots et expressions utiles en anglais que vous pourrez employer lors de vos prochains writings.
Introduire :
- First of all: Tout d'abord, avant tout
- For a start = To begin with: pour commencer
- As an introduction: en guise d'introduction
- It is commonly said that...: On dit communément que ...
Ordonner ses idées :
- To begin with = first = firstly = first of all = in the first place : d'abord
- First and foremost: en tout premier lieu
- Secondly = in the second place: deuxièmement
- Thirdly: troisièmement
- Then = next : ensuite
- Lastly = finally = eventually : finalement
Présenter son point de vue :
- From my point of view = in my view = in my opinion = personally (selon moi)
- As far as I'm concerned = if you ask me
- It seems to me that: il me semble que
- I have the feeling that: je sens que
- I am well aware that: je suis conscient que
- We are given the impression that : on a l'impression que
- It may be noticed that: on peut noter que
Donner des exemples :
- For instance: for example
- That is to say: c'est-à-dire
- Let's take the example of : prenons I'exemple de...
- Let us consider the example of : considérons l'exemple de...
- There is a striking example of: il existe un exemple frappant de...
Pour conclure :
- In conclusion I would say that...: Pour conclure, je voudrais dire
- In short = in brief : en bref
- To put it in a nutshell: pour résumer
- To put it differently: De le dire différemment
- Generally speaking: en general
- In most cases: dans la plupart des cas
Vous pouvez également varier vos expressions comme par exemple :
- Good: excellent, interesting, thrilling, great, fine, pleasant ...
- Important: major, crucial, significant, essential, serious ...
- Interesting: motivating, exciting, attractive, appealing, entertaining ...
- Problem: issue, topic, question ...
- Speak: be about, have to do with, deal with, evoke, mention, refer to, focus on ...
- I think: in my opinion, as far as I'm concerned...
Liste des mots de liaisons pour Writing
Les mots de liaisons en anglais appelés "Link words" sont essentiels pour développer votre discours oral ou écrit. Ils vous permettront de relier vos idées et d'exprimer différentes circonstances. Egalement, ils vont être un élément très important dans le jugement que l'examinateur portera sur votre writing.
Addition :
- besides : d'ailleurs
- furthermore: de plus, en outre
- moreover : de plus
- by the way : soit dit en passant
- In other terms : en d'autres termes
- not only... but also... : non seulement... mais aussi...
Cause :
- because : parce que
- because of : à cause de
- as : comme
- thanks to : grâce à
- for : car
- due to : dû au fait que
- on account of : étant donné que
- given that : étant donné que
Comparaison :
- as though: comme si
- as if: comme si
- as well as: de même que
- in comparison: par comparaison
But :
- for : pour
- in order to : afin de
- so that : de sorte que
- so as to (+ verb) : afin de
- for this purpose : à cet effet
- to this end : à cet effet
Concession :
- although: bien que
- though: bien que
- even though: même si
- in spite of (+ nom): malgré
- despite (+ nom): malgré
- all the same: malgré tout
Précision :
- as a matter of fact : en fait
- at any rate : de toute façon
- in which case : auquel cas
- Rather, ... : Plutôt,...
Contraste et opposition :
- instead of : au lieu de
- nevertheless : néanmois
- however : cependant
- whereas : tandis que, alors que
- notwithstanding : néanmois
- yet : pourtant
- conversely: inversement
- on the one hand... on the other hand...: d'un côté... de l'autre...
Condition :
- as far as : dans le mesure où
- as long as : tant que
- provided that: à condition que
- unless : à moins que
- otherwise : autrement
- else: sinon
Conséquence :
- so that : de sorte que
- so much that : à tel point que
- consequently : par conséquent
- as a result : en conséquence
- therefore : par conséquent
- thus : ainsi
- hence : d'où
How to write a letter?
Assurez-vous que vous avez bien compris le sujet pour mieux cerner le but de la lettre et développer les idées adéquates. La présentation caractéristique de la lettre en anglais est différente de celle en français.
- L'introduction contient : la raison de la lettre, (vous vous présentez si c'est utile).
- Le corps de la lettre : le message + les détails.
- La conclusion : résumé + questions éventuelles.
Pensez à sauter une ligne entre chaque partie.
Début de la lettre, salutations :
- Dear Ahmed/Sarah
- Dear / my dear(est)...
- Dear all.
- Dear Mum and Dad.
Introduction :
- Thank you for your letter.
- It was good to hear from you: J'ai été heureux (se) d'avoir de tes nouvelles.
- Sorry for answering so late, but I ...: Désolé de te répondre si tard mais je...
- After all this time, I thought I would drop you a line. : Après tout ce temps, j'ai pensé t'envoyer un petit mot.
- I'm writing to let you know that...: Je t'écris pour te faire savoir que...
- I'm very sorry I haven't written for so long and hope you will forgive me. : Je suis vraiment désolé de ne pas t'avoir écrit depuis si longtemps et j'espère que tu me pardonneras.
Formule de politesse de fin de lettre (de clôture) :
- I'm looking forward to hearing from you. : je suis impatient d'avoir de tes nouvelles
- I hope to hear from you soon. : j'espère avoir de tes nouvelles bientôt
- Take care: prends soin de toi
- (Let's) keep in touch: gardons le contact
- Write back soon : réponds moi vite
- Best wishes / Kindest regards, : amitiés
Exemples de writing Bac
Write an email to your friend telling him / her about what you do in your free time.
These cues may help you: Play computer game, watch TV, practice sports, – Listen to music, surf the internet, etc... – Have a wonderful time with friend – Entertain/ enjoy oneself – Get information (internet) –Gain experience – Relax/ keep fit...
Dear Ahmed,
Nowadays, with busy lifestyles, there is little time for people to entertain themselves. But if I have some free time I usually love entertaining myself.
I love watching television on my free time, but what I love more is watching movies. In fact, I like almost all kinds of movies such as romance, comedy, classic except horror movies because this kind of movie makes me nervous and tense. Also, I enjoy watching shows and series such as Doctors and The Ellen Show.
In addition, I enjoy listening to music it makes me feel comfortable and relaxed. I don't prefer a particular kind of music, it depends on the singers. Sometimes, I enjoy listening to rock music and sometimes classic music, it depends on my mood. Yet, I am really a fan of Johnny Cash, Lenny Kravitz, and Dolly Parton.
Finally, what I like to do in my spare time is going on a trip. There are many places in my country which I prefer visiting the most such as forests and mountains. They are my favorite places because everything there is calm. Moreover, I could play sport or just hang out with my friends.
I hope to hear from you soon.
Your friend B.
The editor of your English school magazine needs contributions for a campaign about protecting the environment. Write an article for the magazine to explain how people can protect the environment.
These cues may help you: Planting trees – Creating green areas for children – Cleaning streets – Reducing pollution (Water/air) – Avoiding using cars during the weekend – Recycling paper and plastic bottles, etc.
We all are aware of the need to protect the environment. Despite this, not many of us are really taking steps to reduce our impact on the planet, we're mostly too busy or too lazy to put up big change that would improve our lifestyle and save the environment. As individuals, we may help our environment and help in reducing pollution by paying attention to some important points in our daily life.
We should utilize the electricity effectively and wisely to help the government. Turning lights off when we're not in the room can save a lot of energy. Also, we can only use the air conditioning or heater when necessary.
Vehicles is one of the major source of air pollution. Using public transportation, walking and biking are all great ways to clean the air.
Packaging is a big problem for the environment because once the product is open we don't need it and it's thrown out or recycled. So we can avoid buying products that have a lot of paper and plastic around them.
Planting trees is a must if we want to save our planet. Trees not only remove chemicals from the soil, but also help reduce causes of the global warming.
It's time to take action to protect our environment by making simple lifestyle changes.
Countries around the world celebrate different events (national/international, cultural, or religious.) Choose one of the events celebrated in Morocco (e.g. Aid Al Fitr, Imilchil festival, New year's Eve, Moussems, etc.) and write a letter to tell your pen friend about it.
These ideas might help you: The event/festival celebrated, – Where and when it is celebrated, – How people celebrate it (any special meals, clothes, visits, feelings, etc.). – The importance of this celebration in our culture, – Your own feelings, opinion and/or attitudes.
Dear Sandra,
I would like to thank you for your last letter. This time I will talk about a milestone for my family.
Over a hundred of guests from all over Morocco were present last July to take part in my cousin's wedding ceremony. The wedding was celebrated in a big decorated and lovely place. After exchanging greeting and congratulations with couple's parents we sat, my mum and I, around a table. The guests were divided by gender. Women were wearing beautiful caftans and Takchitas. As for men, they were wearing Djelabbas or modern suits.
After that, the groom and the bride were coming. All guests were excited to welcome them. The groom was wearing a beautiful Djelabba and the bride her beautiful caftan and heavy jewelry.
We spent a memorable evening. We all shared dances to the rhythm of traditional music. Mint tea and several varieties of cookies were served to us. Also, they served us dishes like pastilla and meat with dried prunes.
Everyone took pictures with the bride and groom to have a memory of this wonderful ceremony. We all wished a very happy marriage to the couple and left the ceremony.
I hope you have an idea now on the celebration of marriages in Morocco.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Your friend...
An English friend of yours has decided to live in Morocco, and he/she needs your help to choose a city or town. Write an email to your friend to explain why the city or town you suggest is good for him/her to live in.
The following cues may help you: Name of the city/town – Geographical location (north/south/east/west – near the sea, mountains...) – Weather – People –Customs – Historical monuments – Interesting places – Economy, etc... – Facilities (Hospitals, libraries, shopping centers, schools, transport, etc...)
Dear Bill,
After all this time, I thought I would drop you a line to motivate to come to Agadir.
Agadir is a modern city situated on the southern part of the Morocco's Atlantic coastline. The center of the city is flat with large attractive, clean and safe avenues and boulevards. There are lots of cafes, restaurants, bars and live music if you want to hang out with your friends.
Most locals speak Berber and Arabic followed by French and English. In which case, you will not have problem communicating with them. Besides, Agadir is a very tolerant city, the locals are very welcoming to visitors in general.
Agadir has an international airport. Also, there are means of transport such as buses and taxis that are available.
The main attraction is the beach. There a lot of surf schools and shops, especially in Taghazout and Tamraght if you want to learn how to surf.
I know that you practice a lot of sports. Agadir also offers golf courses, tennis clubs, horse riding and boat trips out to sea, where schools of dolphins and whales can be spotted.
The city of Agadir has the biggest souk called "Souk El Had" where you can buy clothes, household items, fruits and vegetables, souvenirs...
Write back soon.
Best regards, B.
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