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Dialogue
A: Who were the lyrics of the Moroccan National Anthem written by, and when were they written?
B: They were written by Ali Skalli in 1970.
A: Do you feel patriotic when you hear our national anthem?
B: Yes, I do. I think schools should teach students to respect their flags and anthems.
Functional Expressions
- How do you feel when…?
- Who was it … by?
- Is having … important (to you)?
- Who were they … by?
Examples:
- A: How do you feel when you see some African people starving? B: I feel sad and very sorry for them.
- A: Is having a lot of friends important to you? B: No, I prefer to have one or two good and intimate friends.
- A: Who was the Moroccan National Anthem composed by? B: It was composed by Léo Morgan.
Definition: Citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen. It has to do with certain rights and obligations defined by law, such as the right to vote, the obligation to pay taxes, and so on.
Vocabulary
- aware: conscious
- to abide by: to respect
- to keep abreast of: to stay informed about
- altruistic: caring about the good of others
- to be proud of: to take satisfaction in
Examples:
- We should be proud of our Moroccan cultural heritage.
- We should abide by all laws whether we like them or not.
- Ahmed is optimistic about the future of Morocco.
- Many people work and keep abreast of public affairs.
- A good citizen has to be altruistic and cooperative.
- All citizens should be aware of their rights and obligations.
Vocabulary: Affixation (Prefixes)
| Prefix | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| re- | do again / back | reread – rewrite |
| en- | make / cause to be | enlarge – enrich – encircle |
| de- | remove | demotivate – debone |
| pre- | before / earlier | pretest – preplan – prehistoric |
| post- | after | post-war – post-graduate |
| pro- | for / in favour of | pro-abortion – pro-American |
| anti- | against | anti-war – anti-nuclear weapons |
| over- | too much / excessively | oversleep – over-populated |
| under- | not enough / too little | underpaid – undercook |
| mis- | wrongly / badly | misunderstand – mishear |
| self- | by oneself | self-educated – self-sufficient |
| non- | not connected with | non-governmental – non-violence |
| ex- | former | ex-president – ex-wife |
| sub- | under | submarine – subway |
| co- | together / with | co-manage – co-author |
| bi- | two / twice | bilingual – biannual |
| out- | more than / outdo | outnumber – outweigh |
| hyper- | very / above / over | hyper-critical – hyper-sensitive |
| auto- | of or by oneself | autograph – autobiography |
Expressing Modals: Probability, Ability, Obligation & Deductions
| Function | Examples | Form | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ability / Probability / Obligation | I can work hours. / I may apply for a scholarship. / I should have a check-up. / I had to wear a tie. / I could play football. | Modal + infinitive (without to) | Present / Future / Past |
| Probability / Deduction | He might be joking! / You must be joking! | Modal + continuous | Present |
| Deduction / Ability (past) | You can't have been serious! / I could have sent an e-mail. | Perfect modals | Past |
| Probability (past continuous) | They might have been making arrangements. | Perfect modals | Past |
Examples in context:
- Lotfi might continue his studies abroad.
- Rachid isn't at home now. He must be with his friends.
- We could have spent a longer time in Rabat, but we didn't.
- She can't have been a university student.
- We should have a medical check-up from time to time.
- Laila had to stay at home yesterday to look after her sister's baby.
Writing — Sports as a Means of Building Body and Character
It's a given fact that practising sports is very important. Sport contributes to building our bodies perfectly. It's the best solution to obesity. It also leads to intelligence because a sound mind is in a sound body. Sports also accustom us to great values such as teamwork, cooperation, punctuality, self-reliance, and ambition. Nowadays, the government gives due care to sports activities. New clubs and stadiums are set up all over the country. Sports competitions are held everywhere to encourage our youth to do their best and become a strong generation. Unless you practise sport, you will be weak, lazy, and aimless.
Dialogue: Advice, Please!
A: Can't you see children dying?
B: What do you think I should do?
A: I think you should help them.
B: What do you suggest to help these children?
A: Maybe you should help feed them and cure their illness.
B: What would you do in this situation?
A: If I were you, I would participate in building shelters and hospitals for them.
Reporting Statements, Questions & Commands
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| "Citizenship includes civic virtues and duties." | The teacher states that citizenship includes civic virtues and duties. |
| "What is fairness?" | Some students ask their teacher what fairness is. |
| "Always express your gratitude." | My mother reminds me to always express my gratitude. |
| "How do you define a good citizen?" | Brahim asked his friend how he defined a good citizen. |
| "Is civility similar to politeness?" | Brahim wonders if civility is similar to politeness. |
| "Did you watch yesterday's show?" | My friend wants to know if I watched yesterday's show. |
| "Fill in this application form." | A member told the volunteer to fill in the application form. |
| "Don't underestimate voluntary work." | He advised the audience not to underestimate voluntary work. |
| "A lot of people participated." | He reported that a lot of people had participated. |
| "I will participate in a conference." | Ann told Betty that she would participate. |
| "Are you invited there?" | Betty asked Ann whether she was invited there. |
| "Please, bring me a copy." | She begged her to bring a copy. |
Original:
"Leadership is needed more than it was 60 years ago. In these days, the security of every one of us is linked to that of everyone else. Global solidarity is both necessary and possible. Powerful states have a special responsibility to take account of global views and interests. We can only do all these things by working together... We have achieved much since 1945, but much remains to be done tomorrow."
Reported version:
Kofi Annan said that leadership was needed more than it had been 60 years before. He added that in those days, the security of every one of us was linked to that of everyone else. He stated that global solidarity was both necessary and possible. He also stressed that powerful states had a special responsibility to take account of global views and interests. He insisted that they could only do all these things by working together. Finally, he declared that they had achieved much since 1945, but much remained to be done the next day.
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