Introduction

About Humour

Some jokes are untranslatable because of cultural differences.
Some mental health experts think there is a correlation between optimism in an individual and having a good sense of humour.
The story I read last night was so amusing that I couldn't help laughing all along.
Life nowadays is more enjoyable than it was in the past.

Emotions Vocabulary

Category	Words
Positive Emotions	amusement – pleasure – happiness – joy – fun – merriment – jubilation – optimism – cheerfulness – gaiety – light-heartedness
Negative Emotions	sorrow – sadness – pessimism – grief – loneliness – anger – depression – misery – bitterness – boredom – tension – downheartedness

Responding to Good and Bad News

Responding to Good News

That's great! / Congratulations! / That's wonderful! / I'm glad to hear that. / Great news! / Incredible! / Superb! / Sounds great! / Lucky you! / Oh, how wonderful! / Really? I can't believe that! / Wow! That sounds exciting! / That's fantastic!

Responding to Bad News

I'm awfully sorry to hear that. / I'm sorry to hear that. / I hope there is nothing wrong. / I'm ever so sorry. / It's such a frightening experience. / I'm sorry to hear such terrible news. / My goodness! / I can't believe it! / Poor you! / I do sympathize with you. / Please accept my deepest sympathy. / I know how you must be feeling. / That must be awful!

Dialogues — Good & Bad News

Dialogues

Rim: I've passed my driving test.
Ilias: That's great!
Rim: Thank you very much.

Karima: I've learnt all my irregular verbs by heart.
Souad: That's wonderful!

Loubna: What's the problem, Oualid?
Oualid: My father had a bad car accident this morning.
Loubna: I'm sorry to hear such terrible news.

Jalila: You look pale, Lamiae! Are you sick?
Rajae: No, but somebody wanted to steal my handbag a few minutes ago. I was so scared because he was holding a knife, but fortunately he ran away when he saw a policeman coming towards us.
Jalila: It's such a frightening experience.

Rachid: We'll establish a clean-air association in our town. Would you like to join us?
Samy: Superb! I wouldn't miss such an initiative.

Son: Did you hear that? A new civil war has broken out in Central Africa.
Father: My goodness! I hope it won't last for long.
Son: But the UN will send soldiers to establish order there.
Father: Great! They'll surely calm things down there.

Amal: What was yesterday's anti-globalisation rally like?
Salim: Some angry boys clashed with the police!
Amal: I can't believe it! I hope there weren't any casualties!
Salim: Fortunately, there weren't.

Functional Expressions — Citizenship (Unit 7 Cross-content)

Citizenship — Functional Expressions

Dialogue:
A: Who and when were the lyrics of the Moroccan National Anthem written?
B: They were written by Ali Skalli in 1970.
A: Do you feel patriotic when you hear our national anthem?
B: Yes, I do. I think schools should teach their students to respect their flags and anthems.

Expressions:

How do you feel when…?
Who was it … by?
Is having … important?
Who were they … by?

"Citizenship" refers to the status of being a citizen. It has to do with certain rights and obligations defined by law, such as the right to vote and the obligation to pay taxes.

Vocabulary (p. 104)

Key Vocabulary

aware: conscious
to abide by: to respect
keep abreast of: stay informed about
altruistic: caring about the good of others
to be proud of: to take satisfaction in

Examples:

We should be proud of our Moroccan cultural heritage.
Ahmed is optimistic about the future of Morocco.
A good citizen has to be altruistic and cooperative.
All citizens should be aware of their rights and obligations.

Modals: Probability, Ability, Obligation & Deductions

Modal Examples

Hamid: I may go to Ifrane to practise skiing.
Lotfi might continue his studies abroad. He hasn't taken a decision yet.
Rachid isn't at home now. He must be with his friends.
We could have spent a longer time in Rabat, but we didn't.
She can't have been a university student.
We should have a medical check-up from time to time.
When he was younger, Nabil could swim very well.
Omar could have gone on a picnic with his friends.
Laila had to stay at home yesterday to look after her sister's baby.
She might be working on her project.

Vocabulary: Affixation — Prefixes

Common Prefixes

Prefix	Meaning	Example
re-	do again / back	reread – rewrite
en-	make / cause to be	enlarge – enrich – encircle
de-	remove	demotivate – debone
pre-	before / earlier	pretest – preplan – prehistoric
post-	after	post-war – postgraduate
pro-	for / in favour of	pro-abortion – pro-American
anti-	against	anti-war – anti-nuclear
over-	too much / excessively	oversleep – overpopulated
under-	not enough / too little	underpaid – undercooked
mis-	wrongly / badly	misunderstand – mishear
self-	by oneself	self-educated – self-sufficient
non-	not connected with	non-governmental – non-violence
ex-	former	ex-president – ex-wife
sub-	under	submarine – subway
co-	together / with	co-manage – co-author
bi-	two / twice	bilingual – biannual
out-	more than / outdo	outnumber – outweigh
hyper-	very / above / over	hypercritical – hypersensitive
auto-	of or by oneself	autograph – autobiography

Vocabulary — "Catchy"

Attractive or appealing → a catchy idea for a TV series
Easily remembered → a song with a catchy tune
Tricky; deceptive → a catchy question on an exam

Writing — Sports as a Means of Building Body and Character

Writing Sample

It is a given fact that practising sports is very important. Sport contributes to building our bodies properly. It is one of the best solutions to obesity. It also contributes to mental development, as a sound mind is in a sound body.

Sports also accustom us to important values such as teamwork, cooperation, punctuality, self-reliance, and ambition.

Nowadays, the government gives due care to sports activities. New clubs and stadiums are set up all over the country. Sports competitions are held everywhere to encourage young people to do their best and become a strong generation.

Unless you practise sports, you may become weak, lazy, and aimless.

Unit 4 — Humour